Enlarge / Model F Labs’ Classic Style F104 Model F keyboard starts at $420. (credit: Model F Keyboards)

IBM’s Model F keyboards are prized among keyboard enthusiasts. Introducing buckling spring switches over a capacitive printed circuit board (PCB) in the early 80s, they’re considered the grandfather of mechanical switches. Despite their prestige, Model F keyboards were no more by the following decade and, due to outdated technologies, have become very rare and can be tough to use with a modern computer. Targeting retro keyboard fans who don’t want to deal with long searches, repairs, or mods, Model F Labs recreates IBM’s Model F keyboards with modern OS support, and it recently introduced the iconic buckling spring switches in a classic full-sized keyboard, as well as some unique form factors.

Buckling springs

With the tactile buckling of the internal spring and the click of the flipper against the capacitive PCB, the keys in IBM’s Model F keyboards inspired today’s mechanical switches. Popular in banks, they replaced IBM’s beam spring keyboards with a lower-cost design that was also less bulky. Early Model F keyboards had keycaps that were the same size, and keycaps were also removable for customization.

By 1985, IBM was making Model M keyboards, also popular among keyboard collectors today, with keys featuring a buckling spring over membrane and lower manufacturing costs.